Mangrove trees dominate this wetland ecosystem due to their ability to survive in both salt and fresh water. In the continental United States, only three species of mangrove grow: red, black, and white mangroves. Red Mangrove trees are easily recognized by its distinctive arching roots. Black Mangrove trees which often grows more inland, has root projections called pneumatophores, which help to supply the plant with air in submerged soils. White Mangroves trees often grow even farther inland with no outstanding root structures.
Mangroves are salt tolerant trees, also called halophytes, and are adapted to life in harsh coastal conditions. They contain a complex salt filtration system and complex root system to cope with salt water immersion and wave action. They are adapted to the low oxygen (anoxic) conditions of waterlogged mud.